dimarts, 31 de març del 2015

Un ou sense esquerdes


L'evolució de les embarcacions tradicionals derivada de la incorporació de motors ha transformat dissenys concebuts per a la navegació a la vela i al rem en diferents aspectes. El més visible és l'eliminació dels elements que feien possible aquelles formes de propulsió, o com a mínim la subordinació d'arboradures i escàlems, que han anat quedant relegats a un paper complementari, auxiliar o, simplement, absent.
Tal transformació, però, també ha modificat aspectes menys visibles i que tenen a veure amb l'estructura de l'embarcació, fet que, si el traslladéssim al vocabulari de l'arquitectura, podria explicar-se de forma anàloga descrivint l'eliminació de bigues, parets o contraforts per obrir espais nous o redistribuir-los en un habitatge. En una barca, com en una casa, que experimenti tal transformació, serà cabdal avaluar com afecta això a la solidesa de l'estructura, a la cohesió d'un conjunt de peces encaixades per formar un cos.
Llaüts aparellats de 'triquet i mitjana' al port de Palma a principi de segle XX. Aquesta és la forma que hem volgut replicar en el Nova Catalina, tant en el seu aparell com, en les qüestions estructurals que ens ocupen. En el que està en primer terme podem apreciar el banc d'arborar, en el que és en segon terme també observam el banc de popa. 

Centrant-nos en el llaüt, aquestes variacions s'han produït al llarg del segle XX principalment en determinats elements que sustenten la coberta i mantenen la fortalesa lateral: ens referim als bancs. Més enllà que aquests fossin funcionals per arborar o vogar, no hi ha dubte que s'afegeixen a la resta d'esquelet de l'embarcació i que eliminar-los suposa perdre un valor en aquest sentit.
El procés, de forma genèrica, no és mal d'explicar. Amb la incorporació del motor, el primer banc en desaparèixer va ser el que se situava en el lloc que ara es destina a la màquina.
On abans hi havia el banc de popa s'hi va fer lloc el motor-

Després, el banc central ha seguit el mateix camí en molts casos (n'hi ha que s'han serrat i n'hi ha que ja no s'han posat), sobretot en la marina d'esbarjo, en benefici de guanyar espai. Tals usos han cercat substituts, com una bona distribució de puntals sota les cossies o algun tipus de reforç que suporti la pressió lateral addicionat a la caixa del motor, però res tan sòlid com les fórmules originals.
La nostra percepció és que aquella estructura primigènia que formava una caixa on totes les cares eren solidàries s'ha afeblit. Atenent a aquesta consideració, i assumint que el nostre llaüt Nova Catalina ha esdevingut una embarcació pura a rem i a vela, hem decidit incorporar-li dos bancs que seccionen la cossia en tres parts i que es disposen de banda a banda passant per davall la coberta.
De cara a dur a terme el projecte Volta a Mallorca http://www.voltamallorca.com/?lang=ca havíem incorporat uns bancs postissos que en el seu dia compliren la seva funció, però que eren massa febles per exercir el paper de vertadera biga mestra que suporta els esforços laterals de l'embarcació.

Els bancs anteriors: postissos i habilitats després d'eliminar el motor, emprats per poder vogar en la Volta a Mallorca. Són simples posts disposades sobre uns suports addicionats a la cossia. Són pràctics en tant que es poden treure i guanyar espai.
A més, necessitem garanties per mantenir la solidesa d'un buc arborat amb l'aparell de 'triquet i mitjana', que exerceix torsions notables derivades de l'esforç de veles situades en els punts longitudinalment extrems del llaüt.

Els bancs actuals, acabats de posar: recorren tota ma mànega de l'embarcació per sota la coberta i van encastats a la serreta.
Atenent a la terminologia de la il·lustració del llaüt que apareix al Diccionari Alcover-Moll, hem disposat el que allà s'identifica com a banc d'arborar i el banc de popa, mentre que el paper de banc de proa l'assumeix la coberta mateixa.
Il·lustració que apareix al Diccionari Alcover-Moll addicionat a l'entrada corresponent a 'llaüt' o 'llagut'. La representació dels bancs transmet de forma clara el seu paper fonamental per tancar la part superior de l'estructura del buc.

La feina l'ha feta el mestre d'aixa Sebastià Vidal. La sensació que ens transmet el resultat és molt bona. El llaüt sembla més poderós ara, més lògic i solidari en totes les parts que el conformen, un ou sense esquerdes.

10 comentaris:

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